通産、外務、大蔵、経済企画庁による大臣間調整を行ってまとめた新しい日中貿易の取り決めをもって、６２年１１月には第二次高碕ミッションが訪中したThe second Takasaki Mission visited China in November 1987, with new Japan-China trade agreements drawn up through inter-ministerial coordination between the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, and the Economic Planning Agency. このミッションは、岡崎嘉平太が副団長で加わり、業界代表を含む総勢３３名となったKahei Okazaki joined the mission as vice-chairman, and the total number of members including industry representatives was 33. そして中国の日本責任者・廖承志との間で「日中総合貿易に関する覚書」が交わされたA Memorandum of Understanding on Comprehensive Japan-China Trade was then signed between China and Liao Chengzhi, the person in charge of Japan. 廖と高碕の頭文字をとったLT貿易のスタートであるThis marked the start of LT Trading, named after the initials of Liao and Takasaki. ようやく五年（１９６３～６７年）、延べ払い方式の長期総合貿易にレベルアップすることとなったIt took five years (1963-1967) to finally upgrade to long-term comprehensive trade on a deferred payment basis. 協定の当事者が政府の関係者であり、政府のお墨付きも得て、準政府間協定に近いものとなったThe parties to the agreement are government officials and have the government's stamp of approval, making it something akin to a quasi-governmental agreement.

　LT貿易で日中貿易は活気を呈し、１９６４年８月にはそれぞれの連絡事務所（高碕北京事務所、廖承志東京事務所）も開設され、同年の貿易額は往復で三億ドルと、過去最高を記録したThe LT trade boosted trade between Japan and China, and in August 1964, respective liaison offices were opened (Takasaki Beijing Office, Liao Chengzhi Tokyo Office). In that year, the two-way trade volume reached a record high of 300 million dollars. そして６７年まで急速に伸び、一時は日台貿易を凌駕したIt grew rapidly until 1967, at one point surpassing trade between Japan and Taiwan. 表２は日本の対東北アジア貿易に占める中国・台湾のシェアであるTable 2 shows the share of China and Taiwan in Japan's trade with Northeast Asia.

　覚書貿易へ

　だが、１９６３年１０月、訪日した中国ミッションの通訳・周鴻慶が台湾に亡命する事件が起きたHowever, in October 1963, Zhou Hong-qing, an interpreter for a Chinese mission visiting Japan, defected to Taiwan. 日本に保護を求めたが、最終的に翻意したため日本は中国に送還したHe sought protection from Japan, but eventually changed his mind and Japan deported him to China. それに強く反発した台湾は駐日大使館員の引揚げで対抗したTaiwan responded strongly by withdrawing its embassy staff from Japan. この周鴻慶事件の処理のため、池田内閣は吉田茂元首相を台湾に急ぎ送り込み、「中国向けブランド輸出に輪銀融資は使わせない」と約束するにいたったIn order to deal with this Zhou Hongqing incident, the Ikeda Cabinet sent former Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida to Taiwan in a hurry, and he promised that "Bank loans would not be used for brand exports to China"（第二次吉田書簡）. このため、佐藤政権期に輪銀融資による延べ払いが不可能となり、LT貿易を失速させたAs a result, during the Sato administration, it became impossible to make deferred payments through bank loans, which caused LT trade to stall. 台湾関係という政治問題が、民間貿易を直撃したのであるThe political issue of Taiwan relations had a direct impact on private trade.

[La vérité derrière l'incident de Zhou Hongqing/Правда об инциденте с Чжоу Хунцином] Sadao Miyoshi, Free Asia Publishing, publié en 1964 Politique, Exil, Union soviétique, Taiwan, Chine

　１９６８年、古井喜実、田川誠一ら自民党新中国派議員、岡崎嘉平太らが訪中して周恩来と会談、LT貿易を日中覚書貿易（MT貿易）と改称し、期限も一年に短縮されたIn 1968, Yoshimi Furui, Seiichi Tagawa and other pro-China members of the Liberal Democratic Party, along with Kahei Okazaki, visited China and met with Zhou Enlai. LT Trade was renamed the Japan-China Memorandum of Understanding Trade (MT Trade) and the term was shortened to one year. その後、文化大革命による極左外交で中国の対日観がいっそう厳しくなるなかでAfter that, China's view of Japan became even harsher due to the far-left diplomacy that came with the Cultural Revolution、１９７０年４月、周恩来は松村謙三に対してZhou Enlai to Kenzo Matsumura、①国民党の大陸反攻、韓国の北朝鮮攻撃を援助する商社やメーカーTrading companies and manufacturers supporting the Kuomintang's mainland counterattack and South Korea's attack on North Korea、②台湾・韓国に投資している商社やメーカーTrading companies and manufacturers investing in Taiwan and Korea、③米国のインドシナ攻撃に武器を提供している企業Companies providing weapons for US attacks in Indochina、④在日の米国・日本合弁企業などとは貿易をしないという条件を出してきたset the condition that there would be no trade with US-Japanese joint ventures in Japan. いわゆる「周恩来四条件」であるThese are the so-called "Zhou Enlai's four conditions." 住友化学、三菱重工業、帝人、旭ダウなどがターゲットになったSumitomo Chemical, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Teijin, Asahi Dow and others were targeted.「四条件」は、中国問題で動かない佐藤政権への「揺さぶり」だと言われるがThe "four conditions" are said to be an attempt to shake up the Sato administration, which has not made any moves on the China issue、いずれにせよこうした状況で、高碕・松村・岡崎らが切り開いた非政府ルートはほとんど機能しなくなるin any case, in this situation, the non-governmental route opened up by Takasaki, Matsumura, Okazaki and others will become almost non-functional.

　友好貿易

　LT 貿易などと並ぶもう一つのルートが、友好商社の「友好貿易」であるAnother route alongside LT trade is "friendly trade" between friendly trading companies. これは１９６０年８月に出された周恩来の「貿易三原則」からスタートするThis began with Zhou Enlai's "Three Principles on Trade" issued in August 1960. 周恩来は、日中貿易には政府間協定、民間契約、個別的配慮（友好貿易）の三つがあり得ることを伝えたのであるZhou Enlai conveyed that there were three possible systems for Japan-China trade: intergovernmental agreements, private contracts, and individual considerations (friendly trade). 中国側窓口は国際貿易促進委員会、日本側は日中貿易促進会、日本国際貿易促進協会、国際貿易促進会関西本部であるThe contact point on the Chinese side is the Council for the Promotion of International Trade, and on the Japanese side is the Japan-China Trade Promotion Association, the Japan Association for the Promotion of International Trade, and the Kansai Headquarters of the Council for the Promotion of International Trade. 当時中国が「政経不可分」原則を曲げてあえて「政経分離」を進めたのは、中ソ対立、経済危機のほか、相手がより柔軟な池田内閣だったこともあろうAt that time, China may have bent its principle of "inseparability of politics and economics" and deliberately promoted "separation of politics and economics" due to the Sino-Soviet conflict, the economic crisis, and also because its counterpart was the more flexible Ikeda Cabinet.

　１９６２年１２月には友好貿易に関する第一次議定書ができたThe first protocol on friendly trade was drawn up in December 1962. 友好商社の中心は兼松江商・住友商事・岩井産業ら大商社系列の羽賀通商、睦貿易、三進交易であるThe core of the friendly trading companies were Haga Tsusho, Mutsumi Trading, and Sanshin Trading, which were all part of the large trading companies that included Kanematsu Gosho, Sumitomo Corporation, and Iwai Sangyo. 友好商社は、１９６６年に日本共産党が中国と衝突してから共産党系が脱落し、再編されたThe Friendly Trading Companies were reorganized after the Japanese Communist Party clashed with China in 1966, with the Communist Party-affiliated companies dropping out. だが、添谷芳秀の詳細な研究によればHowever, according to detailed research by Yoshihide Soeya、６０年代後半から政治的原因でLT貿易などが失速していく中で、友好貿易がそれを充分補ったし、中国貿易の総額はむしろ増えているsince the late 1960s, as trade with China and other countries have been slowing down due to political reasons, friendly trade has more than made up for this, and the total amount of trade with China has actually increased、と言うhe says. 表３は１９６０年代の日中貿易の構造の変化を示している。

　日中関係を拘束したもの

　正常化前の日中関係２０年あまりを振り返ると、日中の政治・経済関係がLooking back at the 20 years of Japan-China relations before normalization, the political and economic relations between Japan and China、第一に東西の冷戦という大状況first, the overall situation of the Cold War between East and West、第二に対米関係second, relations with the United States、第三に対台湾関係に強く制約されてきたことがよく分かるthirdly, it is clear that relations with Taiwan have been strongly restricted. とくに、日中関係がすこしでも進展すると、台湾がただちに反応し、日本がそれにいちいち対応して、日中関係の進展を阻むというケースがくり返し見られたIn particular, whenever there was even the slightest progress in Japan-China relations, Taiwan would immediately react, and Japan would respond accordingly, thereby hindering the progress of Japan-China relations. 

　だが、対米協調か対米自立か、日米安保による安全保障か非武装中立化かというような、日本の行き方や外交をめぐって国論が二分状況にあったことは、必ずしもすべてマイナスだったわけではなくHowever, the fact that public opinion was divided over Japan's future and diplomacy, such as cooperation with the United States or independence from the United States, security under the Japan-US Security Treaty or demilitarized neutrality, was not necessarily a negative thing、むしろ経済関係の一定の進展に見られるように、中国とのある種のきずなをつくりだし、この間の二国間関係を一種独特のものにしたRather, as can be seen from the certain progress in economic relations, a certain bond has been created with China, making the bilateral relationship between the two countries somewhat unique. またそれが、１９７２年には接触が即全面的正常化につながる牽引力ともなったIt was also the driving force behind the contacts that quickly led to full normalization in 1972.

　きびしい制約のなかでさまざまに模索された民間の関係を支えたのはWhat supported the various private sector relationships that were explored under severe constraints was、一つは、国民的規模での対中友好感情であったろうし、また党派を超えて大陸中国に強い関心をもつ政治家・経済人の努力であっただろうone reason would have been the friendly feelings toward China on a national scale, and another would have been the efforts of politicians and business people who had a strong interest in mainland China, regardless of party affiliation. とくに彼らの中に、程度の差はあっても中国侵略に対する贖罪感が存在したことは、この２０年の顕著な特徴であるA notable feature of the past 20 years is that, although to varying degrees, there has been a sense of guilt among them for their invasion of China. ビニロンブラントの対中輸出に献身した倉敷レーヨンの大原總一郎の次の言葉は、この時代をになった人々の一つの特性を表しているThe following words by Soichiro Ohara of Kurashiki Rayon, who devoted himself to exporting vinylon brand to China, represent one of the characteristics of the people who dominated this era.

　「恨みを報いるに徳を以てせよ」との言葉を引用して天文学的に数字に上るであろう賠償の義務を問わなかった当時の蔣介石総統の態度は、私だけでなく多くの日本人の記憶に深く止まっている筈であるThe attitude of then-President Chiang Kai-shek, who quoted the words "repay hatred with virtue" and did not question the obligation to pay reparations, which would have been astronomical in amount, is sure to remain deeply etched in the memories of not only me but many Japanese people. 現在中国政府も同様の態度であると期待あるいは希望を持たれているが、その寛容な態度に対してわれわれは深く自らを恥じたIt is expected or hoped that the Chinese government will adopt a similar attitude at present, but we are deeply ashamed of our tolerant attitude. ・・・われわれは過去の恨みを忘れようとする人達に対して、かつての罪業を滅ぼすために何事かをしなければならないと感ずるのが当然ではないだろうかWhen people try to forget past grudges, do we not naturally feel that we must do something to eradicate their past sins? 私は少なくともそうすべきだと思うAt least I think it should be（大原總一郎・１９６３）.

＊Deutschドイツ語→Ōhara Sōichirō (japanisch 大原 総一郎오하라 소이치로; geboren am 29. Juli 1909 in Kurashiki (Präfektur Okayama岡山県出身); gestorben am 27. Juli 1968 in Tokio)Охара Соитиро war ein sozial engagierter japanischer Unternehmer.