＊2018-01-16ーA Japanese war orphan came to China 76 years ago and married five Chinese men. She passed away recently and 150 people from the village came to see her off.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3vG_E1oIJM
中国の義父母から忘恩の非難を受けたり養育費請求の訴えを起されるなど、彼ら自身の力では解決できない難問の横溢しているのが実情であるThe reality is that they are faced with a plethora of difficult problems that they cannot solve on their own, such as being accused of ingratitude by their Chinese parents-in-law and being sued for child support（『朝日』７５年１１月１８日「わからない日本語習得の専門機関もなしThere are no specialized institutions to help people learn Japanese」、『毎日』７５年１１月２３日「戸籍　引き揚げ阻む”壁”国策の始末冷ややか"Walls" preventing retrieval of family registers: National policy ends in a chilly mood」、『朝日』７７年６月６日「中国からの帰国者に悲哀　祖国ひややか　いたたまれぬ差別　保護施設にすがるSadness for returnees from China: cold homeland, unbearable discrimination, turn to shelters」、『毎日』８０年７月２日「記者の目Reporter's Eyes」欄高畑昭男Akio Takahata「中国引き揚げ者や海外移民　”もう一つの帰国子女”問題　学びの場は夜間中学だけ　就職に差別がつきまとう　繁栄の祖国この冷たさJapanese war orphans repatriates from China and overseas immigrants: "Another problem of returnee children"; the only place to learn is at night junior high school; discrimination in employment; the coldness of a prosperous homeland」、『朝日』８１年１２月２４日https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr36MuXzyP4「義母に養育費払え　帰国する邦人孤児に判決　中国China orders Japanese orphan returning to Japan to pay child support to stepmother」、『朝日』８２年６月１７日「中国孤児　帰国後も続く悲しみ　生活保護に５４％が頼る　半数は家族と離別Orphans from China continue to grieve after returning home; 54% rely on welfare; half are separated from their families」）https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLD8ZnD2zf/AJapanese war orphans visit Chinese adoptive parents- China.org.cn。実の親が健在でありながら、再婚していたりなどの事情で現在の家庭をみだされるのを恐れて帰国した実子との面会に応じないケースも少なくないThere are many cases where the biological parents are still alive, but have remarried or are otherwise afraid of upsetting their current family and therefore refuse to meet with their children who have returned to Japan（『朝日』８２年２月２６日夕刊「名乗りたい・・・名乗れないI want to identify myself... but I can't、いまの家庭破壊が怖い　悩む肉親もFear of the current destruction of families - Relatives are also worried」、『朝日』８３年３月１４日「中国残留孤児感激の再会後　６割が故国に帰れず　相続争いや同居敬遠　去年の来日組肉親　戸籍復活せずAfter emotional reunion with orphans left behind in China, 60% are unable to return to their homeland due to inheritance disputes and avoidance of cohabitation; family registers not restored for relatives who came to Japan last year」）。「好奇の目の中Under curious eyes・・・言葉の壁、職もなく　中国へ傷心のUターンLanguage barrier and lack of work: Heartbroken man returns to China」（『毎日』７７年８月２２日夕刊）から、「なじめぬ祖国で自殺Suicide in an unfamiliar homeland」（『朝日』７９年８月２２日）、「中国青年が割腹図る　母の国はつらかったChinese youth attempts seppuku: Mother's country was tough」（『読売』８１年９月５日夕刊）、「職場で言葉が通じない」中国帰国子女が自殺"I can't communicate at work": Returnee from China commits suicide」（『毎日』８３年８月１９日）という悲劇も相ついでいるSuch tragedies continue to occur. もっとも極限的なのは、「日本語が十分しゃべれないため職を転々とし」、その上「慣れない日本の生活、狭い住宅事情などから酒に酔って」「乱暴な行動が目立つようになり」In the most extreme case, "he changed jobs frequently because he couldn't speak Japanese well enough," and on top of that, "because of the unfamiliar Japanese lifestyle and the cramped housing, he got drunk" and "became increasingly violent"、思いあまった一家が共同して殺害し、母親が一人で罪を負って自首するという事件さえ惹起しているのであるeven leading to an incident where a family got desperate and killed him together, with the mother has taken responsibility for the crime and turned herself in alone.（『読売』８２年１１月９日、同１１日）。

　「私は前に一度里帰りしました。そのとき、『お前日本へ何しにきたのか、お金か着物か、手紙には母さんの墓まいりなんて書きやがって』ときょうだいにいわれ、私、ものがいえず、『いいえ、何もいりません』と言えただけI went back to my homeland once before. My siblings asked me, "What did you come to Japan for? Money or clothes? You wrote in your letter that you were going to visit your mother's grave." I was speechless and could only say, "No, I don't want anything." 命を救って下さった中国の主人の母、８４歳のお姑さんが、出発のとき、私の手を握り、『きっと帰ってきておくれ』と涙を流した顔が思い出され、すぐ中国へ帰りましたI remembered my husband's 84-year-old mother-in-law in China, who saved my life, holding my hand as I left, crying and saying, "Please come back to me," so I immediately returned to China. 帰っても私、不幸です。故郷で乞食といわれ、日本のきょうだいはいい暮らし、おいてけぼりの私もまた放り出され、ああ涙が出ます。今はもう早く死ぬことだけが願いですEven though I'm back home, I'm still unhappy. I'm called a beggar in my hometown, my siblings in Japan are living a good life, and I've been left behind, abandoned, and I'm crying. All I want now is to die soon」というような、残留日本人女性の苦悩をたんねんに追跡しthoroughly traces the suffering of Japanese women who were left behind as orphans in China、１９８３年に『満州・その幻の国ゆえに、中国残留妻と孤児の記録』と題する著書をまとめた林郁はIn 1983, Iku Hayashi published a book titled "Manchuria: A Record of Wives and Orphans Left Behind in China, Because of Its Illusionary Country"、「書き終えても、この問題に終わりはありません。戦争は、なにひとつ解決しない、というのが実感ですEven after I finish writing this, there is no end to this problem. I feel that war does not solve anything」（『毎日』８３年８月１５日）と語っているがhe is speaking、満州に残された日本人、祖国へ帰ってきた残留「孤児」は、今なお二重三重の苦難に苛まれながら生きているのであるThe Japanese who were left behind in Manchuria and the remaining "orphans" who returned to their homeland continue to live with double and triple hardships to this day.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7VVlUcAwKc

Huérfanos japoneses de la guerra visitan tumbas de sus padres adoptivos chinos満州開拓団の婦女子は、敗戦まぎわ、ソ連軍の進攻により集団自決を迫られ、さらには現地民の襲撃をも受ける。これを生き延びた女と子どもを待っていた運命は何だったのか。親子再会のテレビ放送には映し出されぬ、その過去の傷の深さと現在まで続く苛酷な運命を執拗に追い続けた、中国残留妻と孤児の記録The women and children of the Manchurian pioneers were forced to commit mass suicide as the Soviet army invaded, and were even attacked by local people, just before Japan's defeat in the war. What fate awaited the women and children who survived? This is a record of wives and orphans left behind in China, relentlessly pursuing the depth of their past wounds and the cruel fate that continues to this day, which is not shown on television broadcasts of parent-child reunions.https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20170811/p2a/00m/0na/012000c

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjMym-2lxbI＊Українськаウクライナ語→Стратегічне бомбардування Японії日本本土空襲Bombardements stratégiques sur le Japon— це повітряні рейди проведені американськими збройними силами протягом останніх двох років Другої світової війни проти Японської імперії, які знищили основні міста країни та вбили між 241 000 до 900 000 людей, не рахуючи атомних вибухів Хіросіми (340 000 жителів) та Нагасакі (195 000 жителів). Авиаудары по ЯпонииAir raids on Japan일본 본토 공습https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xIkSYvB6fs
　原爆ばかりでなく通常兵器による本土空襲によっても、多くの非戦闘員が死傷したMany non-combatants were killed or injured not only by the atomic bomb but also by air raids on the mainland using conventional weapons. 永久に回復できない傷のために障害者として生涯苦しみ続けている人々も少なくないがThere are many people who continue to suffer for the rest of their lives as disabled people due to wounds that cannot be healed、軍人軍属の戦傷者には国家から援護が与えられているのに、民間人の戦傷者に対しては国からの補償も援護もまったく与えられていないwhile the state provides assistance to wounded military personnel, the state provides no compensation or assistance whatsoever to wounded civilians. １９７５年発行の全国戦災傷害者編集『戦争の語り部として　民間戦災傷害者の３０年』https://www.zenkokukushuren.org/%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E9%9B%86/には、そのような犠牲者の苦しみがめんめんと綴られているThe book "Storytellers of the War: Thirty Years of Civilian War-Injured Persons," published in 1975 and compiled by war-injured persons from all over Japan, details the suffering of such victims. 空襲による負傷で左腕を切断した赤坂律子のRitsuko Akasaka, whose left arm was amputated due to injuries sustained during an air raid、
　お料理を作るにしても、手の込んだ物はできず、いつも簡単な料理ですがWhen I cook, I'm not good at making elaborate dishes, so I always make simple meals、（中略omitted）食べた後の片づけがまた大変ですbut cleaning up after eating is also a pain. しゃもじ、片手でとてもきれいに洗えません。お鍋など、こすれば鍋がコロコロして思うように洗えず、いつも簡単にすませてしまいますI can't wash a rice scoop very well with one hand. When I try to scrub a pot, the pot rolls around and I can't wash it as I want, so I always end up doing it easily. そのうちに、やかん、お鍋などうすよごれて汚くなり、黒くなった汚れた鍋でごちそうを作っていると主人に申し訳なく思い、捨ててしまい、新しい鍋を買いましたBefore long, the kettle, pots, etc. became slightly dirty and stained, and I felt bad for my husband cooking meals in the blackened, dirty pots, so I threw them away and bought new pots. 最近は、そういうお金もなく、汚れてきますと、一ヵ月に一回ずつ食器の大掃除をしていますThese days, I don't have that kind of money, so I do a thorough cleaning of the dishes once a month when they get dirty. もちろん、流し台では洗えませんので、裏の洗濯場へ持ち出して、腰掛けに腰かけて、足で鍋をおさえて、片手でゴシゴシ、クレンザーでみがきますOf course, you can't wash it in the sink, so I carry it to the laundry area in the back, sit on a stool, hold the pot with my feet, and scrub it with the cleanser using one hand. その姿は、主人にも子供にも見られたくないI don't want my husband or children to see me like that.・・・、とてもつらい仕事ですIt's a very hard job.（中略omitted）もっと、もっと沢山いろいろ苦労をしていますThere are many, many more hardships to overcome. 最近あまり体を使いすぎたせいか、まず右のヒジ、腕の付け根、腕を上に上げることができなくなったり、腰が張るように痛く、いつもキャキャと痛むMaybe it's because I've been using my body too much recently, but first my right elbow, the base of my arm, and I can no longer lift my arm up, and my lower back feels stiff and painful all the time. 私はまだ３７歳、まだ痛むような年ではありませんが、体に無理をしているからですI'm only 37, not yet old enough to be in pain, but I'm pushing my body too hard. 戦争さえ、あの時無かったらIf only there had been no war then・・・戦争がとても憎くてたまりませんI hate war so much.

2023/03/07ーWhat did the air raids take from a 4-year-old girl? Harassment at elementary school, hospital stay in her 20 shttps://mainichi.jp/articles/20240801/ddl/k23/040/118000c

　「疎開の途中で火だるま」となり「両足切断して３０年」になる松野和子さんのKazuko Matsuno, who was burned during evacuation and had both legs amputated 30 years ago、

　３０年たった今日でも、人手を借りずに過した日は一日としてありませんEven today, 30 years later, not a day has passed without some help.（中略omitted）掃除、洗濯、炊事、仕事など、まず掃除は高いところの拭い掃除はできませんCleaning, laundry, cooking, work, etc. First of all, when it comes to cleaning, I can't wipe high places.（中略Omitted）洗濯（下着、小物類）は手で洗ったとして、干場は外が高いところですから駄目Even if I wash my laundry (underwear, small items) by hand, the drying area is high outside, so that's not ok. （中略omitted）これから先このようにして長い月日続くとは思われませんI don't think things will continue like this for much longer. 第一、どれ一つとってみても、半分以上が母の足に頼って生きているのですFirst of all, no matter what I do, more than half of my life relies on my mother's legs. 今もって辛いことがあります。それは、切断の両大腿部が疼痛に襲われることですI still have some hard times. I still suffer from pain in both of my amputated thighs. 昼夜、ところ、春秋秋冬の区別なく痛みがくるのですThe pain comes at any time of the day or night, and regardless of the season. 歯をくいしばり、握り拳を震わせて、痛みの鎮まるのを堪えるのです。熱いお風呂にも入りますI grit my teeth, clench my fists, and try to endure the pain. I also take hot baths. 母には、一時間から二時間近く揉んだり叩いてもらったり、それでも治らぬ時は病院に走りますMy mother massages and hits me for about an hour to two hours, and when that doesn't help, I rush to the hospital.

　といった文章に、苦しみの一端が語られているPassages like these give a glimpse of the suffering they are experiencing. 「何の補償もなく、あまりの苦しさに幼児と無理心中を考えたり、気がついたら鉄路のそばにいたり、自殺未遂の例はいくつもありますWith no compensation, the pain was so intense that some people considered committing suicide together with their young children, others found themselves near the train tracks, and there are many examples of attempted suicide. 今年８月１３日梶浦さんは全身ケロイドで痛みと生活苦で入水自殺をはかり、通りがかった人に助けられ、今は病床にありますがOn August 13th of this year, Kajiura-san, who was suffering from keloids all over her body and was in pain and financial difficulties, attempted suicide by drowning. She was saved by a passerby and is now bedridden、『こんなんやったら広島のピカにやられたほうがよかった。貧乏人はつらい。いつも損するのは貧乏人やねえIf it was like this, I would have preferred to have been hit by the Hiroshima Pika(atomic bomb). It's hard being poor. It's always the poor who lose out』と言っていますshe says」と、連絡会の代表杉山千佐子は記しているThe representative of the association, Chisako Sugiyama, wrote.（右の赤坂律子が他の一人の同じ犠牲者とともに、国家補償を求めて起した訴えが裁判所により棄却されたことは、第三章第節二の２で紹介するThe lawsuit filed by Ritsuko Akasaka along with another victim seeking state compensation was dismissed by the court, as will be explained in Chapter 3, Section 2, Paragraph 2.）

　１０年ほど前の文献であるけれど、この人たちの傷つけられた身体が元にもどらない以上、そして加齢の進行を考えるとき、苦痛が今日いっそう加重されても軽減されることは考えられず、生きているかぎり苦しみは続くにちがいないAlthough this literature is from about 10 years ago, it states that as long as these people's injured bodies cannot be restored to their original state, and considering the progression of aging, it is unlikely that their pain will be alleviated even if it becomes even more severe today, and their suffering will continue as long as they live. 

　肉体の損傷と遠い、心の痛みは時日の経過により次第に薄らぎ、時には治癒されるが、４０年を経て今なお最愛の配偶者・恋人・肉親の戦死・戦災死を悲しむ心をいだいている人々の多数存在する事実が『朝日新聞』の「朝日歌壇」にいつまでもその種の作品があとを絶たず寄せられていることから判明するUnlike physical injuries, the emotional pain gradually fades and sometimes even heals over the passage of time, but the fact that there are still many people 40 years later who are grieving over the deaths of beloved spouses, lovers and relatives killed in battle or in war damage is evident from the fact that such poems continue to be submitted to the Asahi Shimbun's "Asahi Poetry Section." 最近の号から遡って半年にもみたない期間だけでも、次のように多くの作が見出されるJust in the period less than six months going back from the most recent issue, many works like the following can be found.

　空腹に泣く子をおきて征き果てぬ乳よユミ子のコスモスが泣くAbandon the hungry crying child, the milk that never ends, Yumiko's cosmos cries　青田綾子（８４年９月２３日）

　喜寿にして初めてもらす父の願いは朝鮮（北）に埋めし子の墓参とうMy father's first wish to visit the grave of his son buried in Korea (North Korea)　坂村全子（同前）

　呆然と埋めてきし子よ満州の生死の奈落に涙無かりきYou buried yourselves in a daze, child. There were no tears in the abyss of life and death in Manchuria.　渡辺勝子（８４年８月１２日）

　水ほし水ほしと叫び爆死せし娘の奥津城に水なみなみとそそぐWater is pouring to the brim on Okutsu Castle, where a young girl died in an explosion, crying out "I want water, I want water!"　江村ミトメ（８４年８月７日）

　兵舎おり送り来し荷は夏物も冬物もありて父は戦死すThe luggage sent from the barracks included both summer and winter clothes, and my father died in the war.　石井準一（８４年７月２２日）

　戦死せねば汝も還暦を迎えけむ悟（さとる）よ夏がまた巡りきぬIf you had not died in battle, you too would have turned 60. Satoru, summer has come around again.　小島範治（８４年７月１５日）

　下積みの兵なりしなれば反戦を裡に満たしめ果てたらむあわれIt would be a pity if he was a soldier with only a few years of experience and was filled with anti-war sentiment.　宮崎茂美（８４年６月２４日）

　いやいやいやそう泣きながら暑い日に戦死の通知受けとりましたNo, no, no, yes, I received the notice of his death in battle on a hot day while crying.　角田征憲（８４年６月１７日）

　何処かも見し人もなく夫果ててやむなしと言うか軍拡の世をThere is no one to see anywhere, and it is inevitable that the world will continue to expand　寺内房江（同前）

　中国孤児にもらい泣く我が眼裏にサイパンに散りし父母のいませりI weep for the orphans left behind in China, but before my eyes I remember my parents who were lost in Saipan.　沖山竜子（８４年４月１日）

　征く君を送りて過ぎし道なれば歩めば哀し春立ちくるにAs I walk along the road where I saw you off on your journey, I feel sad as spring approaches.　石田規子（８４年３月４日）

　わが夫をつらら仏に葬りしシベリア吹雪想い雪かくI buried my husband in an icicle Buddha. I remember the Siberian snowstorm.　間瀬たか（同前）

　両足を切断せし時哭（な）かざりしや還らざる君の墓はこけむすWhen both his legs were amputated, did he cry? The grave of the deceased, who never returned, is now covered with moss.　元森栄子（８３年１２月１８日）

　征く前夜眼つむり「第五」聴きいしがレイテ島より遂に還らずThe night before the expedition, I closed my eyes and listened to the "Fifth Symphony" but he never returned from Leyte Island.　三宅ふさ子（８３年１２月１１日）

　軍事便黄ばみ褪せたり長江の流域の秋を書きて汝は果てにきThe military letter has yellowed and faded, writing about autumn in the Yangtze River basin, and you have come to the end.　平野静子（８３年１０月２日）

　蹄鉄を打つ職なればいずかたに軍馬と共にゆきて果てしやIf you are a horseshoer, where will you go with your horses to the end?　相原ゆう（８３年９月４日）

　隣保班の当番ゆえに避難せず妹は死にき防空壕にBecause I was on duty for the neighborhood group, I was unable to evacuate and my sister died in the air raid shelter.　山口良（８３年８月２８日）

　異国にて生くるもよしと遺骨なき兄待ちて母は八十を迎うMy mother turns 80, waiting for my brother who is no longer alive and living in a foreign land.　渡辺すづ子（同前）

　征いて還らぬ往年の恋人への思いを今も詠み続ける詩人もいるSome poets continue to write about their long-lost lovers who never returned from battle.

　　　　　　　　　　あのひとThat person　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　くさか類子　　　

　あなたにTo you／あなたの子どもがYour child／かけがえのないものであるようにAs if it were something irreplaceable／あなたに／あなたの夫や親兄弟がYour husband or siblings／大切なひとであるようにAs if you were a precious person／あのひとは／わたしに　ただひとりのThe only one for me／大事なひとでしたHe was an important person（中略omitted）いつ　どんなところで　どのように果てたのか　最後をみた人も　告げた人もWhen, where and how did he die? Those who saw him die and those who told him／いまにわからないのですWe still don't know／遺骨も遺品も　かえらないNeither the remains nor the belongings were returned／あのひとに／むなしい中尉の称号がのこりましたThe vain title of lieutenant remained／「御霊砂」とかかれたIt was written "Sacred sand"／ビニール袋のなかのわずかな砂がA little bit of sand in a plastic bag／崎田章夫の　すべてでしたThat was everything about Akio Sakita.（中略omitted）はかない砂つぶにかわりはてTurning into a fleeting grain of sand／あのひとが還ってきたときWhen that person comes back／ひとにぎりにもたらないその砂をThe sand that doesn't even fit in a handful／ぬらした泪がThe wet tears／三十年たっても　かわくことないのですEven after 30 years, it never dries out／この世の流れの下積みになってAs a pile of water in this world／黙って死んだあのひとThe one who died in silence／わたしひとりだけにJust me／のこしていった青春にTo the youth he left behind／なんど拭ってもNo matter how many times I wipe it／かわくことのない　泪ですThese are tears that never dry／四十憶のなかのOf the four billion／みんな　ひとりしかいないThere is only one of each／ひとり／あのひとは／わたしに　かけがえのないひとでしたHe was an irreplaceable person to me.（『イデインIdein』１９７８年秋号）

　被爆、異郷への置き去り、戦災傷害、最愛の人の戦死戦災死、等々の目に見える戦禍と違って、有形の被害はないけれどUnlike the visible damages of war such as exposure to radiation, being left behind in a foreign land, injuries caused by war, and the death of loved ones in battle, there is no tangible damage、ただ一度きりの人の一生の旅路にもたらした戦争の影のために孤独の運命を与えられた人々がいることは、一見何事もなかったように見えるだけに、やはり看過しないよう注意する必要があると思うI think we need to be careful not to overlook the fact that there are people who are destined for loneliness because of the shadow of war that was cast over the one and only journey of a person's life, even though at first glance it may seem as if nothing had happened. それは、戦死者の過半数が結婚適齢期前の未婚の男子であったため、結婚適齢期の未婚男女人口に大きな差が生じ、必然的に夫を求めないままに独身生活を続けるのを余儀なくされた女性が、他の年齢層と比べていちじるしく多いという事実であるThis is because the majority of those killed in the war were unmarried men before marriageable age, resulting in a large disparity between the population of unmarried men and women of marriageable age, and the number of women who were forced to continue living single lives without seeking a husband being significantly higher than in other age groups. １９８０（昭和５５）年の国勢調査でみると、５５歳から６９歳までの男の人口約６２０万人、その配偶者層と推定される５０歳から６４歳までの女性人口約９２７万人、３００万を超える男女人口差はきわめて大きいAccording to the 1980 census, the male population between the ages of 55 and 69 was approximately 6.2 million, and the female population between the ages of 50 and 64, who were presumed to be their spouses, was approximately 9.27 million, meaning the gender population gap of over 3 million was extremely large. 戦争のために結婚の機会を逸した独身女性は約６０万人と推定されるというIt is estimated that about 600,000 single women lost the opportunity to marry because of the war（『朝日』８２年９月６日）。